Governing Market Access for Cooperatives and SMEs: A Cluster-Based Ecosystem Framework from Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijma.v4i4.71Keywords:
Cooperatives, MSMEs, Market Access, Cluster GovernanceAbstract
This study examines how market access for cooperatives and micro, small and medium enterprises can be strengthened by shifting from fragmented firm-level support towards a cluster-based institutional ecosystem. Using Indonesia as a policy-oriented business governance case, the study integrates cluster, entrepreneurial ecosystem, procurement, digitalisation and policy-mix perspectives with stakeholder discussion evidence from Jakarta and Semarang. The analysis identifies three systemic constraints: fragmented institutional interventions, heterogeneous enterprise readiness, and weak conversion of support activities into recurring market relationships. It proposes a framework that segments enterprises by readiness, differentiates clusters by market purpose, assigns complementary ecosystem roles, and organises support around strategic market linkage. Cooperatives can act as aggregators while government, public enterprises, private firms and enabling institutions provide orchestration, demand and infrastructure. Ecosystem performance should be assessed through buyer continuity, procurement participation, supply-chain integration and enterprise upgrading rather than programme outputs alone.
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